Influencing factors of small intestinal ischemia in elderly patients with incarcerated hernia / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the factors influencing small intestinal ischemia in elderly patients with incarcerated hernia. Methods: The clinical data of 105 elderly patients admitted for surgical procedures of incarcerated hernia at Department of General Surgery, Huadong Hospital between January 2014 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 60 males and 45 females, aged (86.1±4.3) years (range: 80 to 96 years). They were divided into normal group (n=55) and ischemic group (n=50) according to intraoperative intestinal canal condition. The t test, χ2 test and Fisher's exact probability method were used for the univariate analysis of the factors that influence intestinal ischemia in patients, and Logistic regression was used for multifactorial analysis. Results: In all patients, 18 patients (17.1%) had irreversible intestinal ischemia with bowel resection. Six patients died within 30 days, 3 cases from severe abdominal infection, 2 cases from postoperative exacerbation of underlying cardiac disease, and 1 case from respiratory failure due to severe pulmonary infection. The results of the univariate analysis showed that there were differences in gender, history of intussusception, duration of previous hernia, white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, C-reactive protein, type of incarcerated hernia, and preoperative intestinal obstruction between the two groups (all P<0.05). The Logistic regression results showed that the short time to the previous hernia (OR=0.892, 95%CI 0.872 to 0.962, P=0.003), high C-reactive protein (OR=1.022, 95%CI 1.007 to 1.037, P=0.003), non-indirect incarcerated hernia (OR=10.571, 95%CI 3.711 to 30.114, P<0.01) and preoperative intestinal obstruction (OR=6.438, 95%CI 1.762 to 23.522, P=0.005) were independent risk factors for the development of intestinal ischemia in elderly patients with incarcerated hernia. Conclusions: The short duration of the previous hernia, the high values of C-reactive proteins, the non-indirect incarcerated hernia, and the preoperative bowel obstruction are influencing factors for bowel ischemia in elderly patients with incarcerated hernia. A timely operation is necessary to reduce the incidence of intestinal necrosis and improve the prognosis.

Obstrucción intestinal secundaria a hematoma intramural espontáneo: Caso clínico / Bowel obstruction secondary to a spontaneous intramural hematoma. Report of one case

Spontaneous intramural hematoma (IMH) is an uncommon cause of bowel obstruction, generally secondary to trauma. Even rarer is the spontaneous hematoma, mainly described in anticoagulated patients. We report a 73-year-old female in anticoagulant therapy who presented with a bowel obstruction. A computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed a segmentary wall thickening of the distal jejunum, compatible with an IMH which obliterated the lumen and produced dilatation of the proximal bowel loops. Support management was initiated, achieving satisfactory evolution, allowing her discharge 12 days after admission.

A case of acute carbon monoxide poisoning with secondary intestinal obstruction and thrombosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Acute carbon monoxide poisoning can cause multiple organ damage due to hypoxia. In severe cases, it can be life-threatening and has a high fatality rate. Intestinal obstruction and thrombosis are rare complications of carbon monoxide poisoning. A case of carbon monoxide poisoning was reported. In addition to the central nervous system lesion, intestinal obstruction and lower limb thrombosis were also found. In the treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning patients, the clinician was able to treat the common complications, attention should be paid to gastrointestinal tract, thrombotic disease and other rare complications, so as to avoid missed diagnosis.

Síndrome de Wilkie: caso clínico / Wilkie syndrome: case report

Resumen Introducción: El síndrome de Wilkie es una causa poco frecuente de obstrucción del tracto digestivo superior, se caracteriza por una disminución del ángulo aorto-mesentérico que resulta en compresión de la tercera porción del duodeno que produce síntomas obstructivos altos. Caso Clínico: Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 64 años, con historia de dolor abdominal, pirosis, saciedad precoz e intolerancia a la vía oral, en quien los estudios iniciales mostraron esofagitis, pero en quien los síntomas no mejoraron con el tratamiento clásico para enfermedad ácido péptica y en quien estudios imagenológicos adicionales sugerían el síndrome de Wilkie como causa de los síntomas. Discusión y Conclusión: Se trata de una patología que debe conocerse y considerar en paciente con historia de pérdida de peso, marcada intolerancia a la vía oral y falta de respuesta al manejo.

Introduction: Wilkie syndrome is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal tract obstruction, it is characterized by a decrease in the aorto-mesenteric angle that results in a compression of the third portion of the duodenum causing high obstructive symptoms. Case Report: We present the case of a 64-year-old woman, with a history of abdominal pain, heartburn, early satiety, and intolerance to the oral route, in whom initial studies showed esophagitis, but in whom symptoms did not improve with the classic treatment for peptic acid disease, additional imaging studies suggested Wilkie syndrome. Discussion and Conclusión: It is a pathology that must be known and suspected in patients with a history of weight loss, marked intolerance to oral intake, and lack of treatment response.

Body packing: tráfico de drogas y cirugía. Reporte de un caso / Body packing: drug traffic and surgery. Case report

Resumen Objetivo: Exponer el caso de un paciente con intoxicación aguda por cocaína en contexto de un body packing syndrome, considerando sus aspectos médico-quirúrgicos y legales. Materiales y Método: Se obtuvo la ficha clínica, con resguardo de anonimato, de un paciente que acude al servicio de urgencia (SU) y que es intervenido y evolucionando posteriormente en el Hospital el Pino de San Bernardo, Chile. Resultados: Paciente fue sometido a una gastrotomía, una enterotomía y una colotomía después de haber sido estabilizado por paro cardiorrespiratorio presentado en SU. Es trasladado a unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) donde evoluciona desfavorablemente. Discusión: El body packing syndrome es una entidad clínica infrecuente que, en la minoría de los casos, puede presentar complicaciones severas que requieren de un tratamiento médico-quirúrgico inmediato. Conclusión: Considerando que tanto el consumo como el tráfico de drogas se mantienen como un importante problema de salud pública y que sus consecuencias pueden ser devastadoras, es importante tener conocimiento sobre el tema.

Aim: To present the case of a patient with acute cocaine intoxication in the context of body packing syndrome, taking into consideration its medical-surgical and legal aspects. Materials and Method: A clinical record with anonymity protection was obtained, from a patient who was admitted to the emergency room and who was subsequently operated on and managed at Hospital El Pino in San Bernardo, Chile. Results: Patient underwent a gastrotomy, an enterotomy and a colotomy after being stabilized from a cardiorespiratory arrest in the emergency room. He was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) where he evolved unfavorably. Discussion: Body packing is an infrequent clinical entity that, in a few cases, may develop severe complications that require immediate medical-surgical treatment, in addition to notification to authorities. Conclusion: Considering that both drug use and traffick remain as an important public health concern and that as its consequences may be devastating, it is important to have a knowledge on the subject.

Metástasis ganglionar mesentérica de neoplasia neuroendocrina: una causa infrecuente de obstrucción de intestino delgado / Small bowel obstruction caused by lymph nodes of a neuroendocrine tumor: a clinical case report

Small intestine neuroendocrine tumors (NET-SI) are relatively rare neoplasms. If encountered, the most common location is the ileum. Symptoms are usually non-specific, delaying the tumors diagnosis. NET-SI are often small in size and can be challenging to recognize on imaging studies. However, they have a tendency to induce a pronounced fibrotic reaction in the mesentery, often accompanied by large calcified mesenteric adenopathies. In some cases, the fibrotic reaction can produce rare complications, such as intestinal obstruction or vascular congestion with occasional secondary ischemia. This case report presents a 79-year-old male with a partial small bowel obstruction caused by a fibrotic reaction and mesenteric adenopathies of a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor of the ileum. The patient also presented multiple peritoneal metastases at diagnosis. Characteristic imaging findings of the tumor, allowed an accurate and early diagnosis. Once the acute episode was resolved, the diagnosis was confirmed with an image guided biopsy.

Perforación y obstrucción colónica: conducta de los coloproctólogos latinoamericanos / Perforation and obstruction of the colon: behavior of the latin american colon and rectal surgeons

Resumen Objetivo: Conocer las diferentes conductas que realizan los cirujanos coloproctólogos latinoamericanos en relación con las urgencias colónicas. Materiales y Método: Estudio transversal, utilizando encuesta vía web con preguntas de selección múltiple. La encuesta fue enviada a las distintas Sociedades Coloproctológicas Latinoamericanas, así como a la Asociación Latinoamericana de Coloproctología (ALACP), para su distribución. La encuesta fue escrita en español neutro y traducida al portugués. Se utilizó análisis estadísticos descriptivos y analítico. Resultados: 441 encuestas respondidas completamente de 16 países diferentes. El 85% realiza resección y anastomosis sin ostomía de protección en obstrucciones de colon derecho. En las perforaciones del colon izquierdo, se realiza operación de Hartmann en el 63,3% de los casos que presentan peritonitis purulentas y en el 94,5% de las peritonitis fecaloideas. Discusión: En las obstrucciones colónicas, la resección con anastomosis primaria, es una conducta poco discutida en colon derecho, a diferencia de las obstrucciones del lado izquierdo, en donde realizar una operación de Hartmann es una conducta tan válida como la resección y anastomosis. En los cuadros de perforación, la decisión de resección y anastomosis primaria es multifactorial, tomando relevancia la estabilidad hemodinámica del paciente. En estos últimos casos, realizar una resección con ostomía, es la respuesta de gran parte de los encuestados. Conclusiones: Los resultados de cada situación, en su mayoría, presentan una tendencia clara hacia una conducta en particular; solo en el caso de obstrucción de colon izquierdo, se observan dos conductas (operación de Hartmann o anastomosis primaria) ambas validadas por la literatura internacional.

Objective: Learn about the different management options performed by latin american colon and rectal surgeons, in relation to colonic emergencies. Materials and Method: Cross-sectional study, using web survey with multiple-choice questions. The survey was sent to the different Latin America Coloproctological Societies, as well as to ALACP, for distribution. The survey was written in neutral Spanish and translated into Portuguese. Descriptive and analytical statistical analysis was used. Results: 441 complete surveys, from 16 different countries. 85% perform resection and anastomosis without diverting ostomy in obstructions of the right colon. In perforations of the left colon, Hartmann's procedure is performed in 63.3% of case with purulent peritonitis and in 94.5% of fecaloid peritonitis. Discussion: In colonic obstructions, resection with primary anastomosis, is little discussed behavior in the right colon, unlike obstructions on the left side, where performing a Hartmann operation is a behavior as valid as resection and anastomosis. In colonic perforation, the decision of resection and primary anastomosis is multifactorial, taking into account the hemodynamic stability of the patient. In the latter cases, performing an ostomy is the response of a large part of the surveyed. Conclusions: The results in each situation, for the most part, present a clear tendency towards a particular behavior; only in the case of left colon obstruction, two behaviors (Hartmann procedure or primary anastomosis) are both validated by international literature.

Síndrome de bouveret, una forma infrecuente de íleo biliar: a propósito de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Bouveret syndrome, a rare presentation of biliary ileus: case report and literature review

El íleo biliar es una complicación poco frecuente de la colelitiasis o colecistitis litiásica, aparece en menos del 1-3% de los pacientes con estas enfermedades, se define como una obstrucción intestinal mecánica debido a la impactación de uno o más cálculos biliares dentro del tracto gastrointestinal. Ubicaciones menos comunes incluyen estómago y duodeno (síndrome de Bouveret) y el colon. El diagnóstico del síndrome de Bouveret (SB) suele iniciar con una radiografía simple de abdomen; la ecografía abdominal confirma el síndrome de Bouveret si revela neumobilia y ubicación ectópica del cálculo biliar, sin embargo, en la mayoría de los casos se necesita una tomografía computarizada que permite una evaluación completa.Caso Clínico : Se presenta caso de masculino de 57 años de edad quien 8 días previo a su ingreso presenta dolor abdominal en epigastrio de moderada intensidad acompañado de pirosis, halitosis, náuseas, vómitos, intolerancia a la vía oral y ausencia de evacuaciones; acude inicialmente a gastroenterólogo que realiza endoscopia digestiva superior encontrando una imagen de obstrucción a nivel de primera porción de duodeno, motivo por el cual refiere a servicio de cirugía general donde es intervenido quirúrgicamente, se diagnostica el SB realizando gastrotomía, extracción del lito y piloroplastia, presentando adecuada evolución postoperatoria.Conclusión : El SB es un diagnóstico raro que afecta a <0,5% de los pacientes con cálculos biliares por lo que requiere un grado extremadamente alto de sospecha para el diagnóstico y puede observarse de manera incidental en estudios de imágenes en pacientes que presentan síntomas de obstrucción del vaciamiento gástrico(AU)

Biliary ileus is a rare complication of cholelithiasis or lithiasic cholecystitis, appearing in less than 1 to 3% of patients with these diseases, it is a mechanical intestinal obstruction due to the impaction of one or more gallstones within the gastrointestinal tract. Less common locations include the stomach and duodenum (Bouveret syndrome) and the colon. For the diagnosis of Bouveret's syndrome (BS) the initial step is usually a simple abdominal X-ray, while an abdominal ultrasound confirms Bouveret's syndrome if it reveals pneumobilia and ectopic location of the gallstone, in most cases a computed tomography (CT) scan is needed for diagnosis and full evaluation.Clinical Case: We present the clinical case of a 57-year-old male who 8 days prior to his admission presented with moderate intensity abdominal pain in the epigastrium accompanied by heartburn, halitosis, nausea, vomiting, intolerance to oral intake, and absence of evacuations; initially went to a gastroenterologist who performed upper digestive endoscopy, finding an image of obstruction at the level of the first portion of the duodenum, which is why he refers to the general surgery department where he underwent surgery, diagnosing BS by performing gastrotomy, stone extraction, and pyloroplasty, presenting adequate postoperative evolution.Conclusion : BS is a rare diagnosis that affects <0.5% of patients with gallstones and therefore requires an extremely high degree of suspicion for the diagnosis and can be seen incidentally on imaging studies in patients with symptoms of obstruction of gastric emptying(AU)

Cecal bascule herniation through the foramen of Winslow

Bowel obstructions can have a variety of causes, including impacted feces, adhesions, volvulus, non-internal hernias, and in rare cases internal hernias. We report a 63-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and obstructive symptoms that had started 12 hours earlier. A computed tomographic scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed a right internal hernia with a cecal bascule traversing through the foramen of Winslow, concerning for a closed-loop obstruction. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy with cecal bascule reduction and cecopexy. Given the increased mortality risk if undiagnosed, it is important to remain aware of internal hernias. Patient outcomes are markedly improved with early diagnosis and surgical intervention.

Clinical features of 44 patients with small bowel Crohn / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#At present, there are many studies on Crohn's disease of terminal ileum and colon, but few studies on Crohn's disease of small intestine alone. This study aims to analyze the clinical features and therapeutic effect of small bowel in adult patients with Crohn's disease so as to strengthen the diagnosis and treatment for this disease.@*METHODS@#From July 1, 2015 to October 31, 2018, patients with small bowel Crohn's disease at Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, were enrolled. At the same time, patients' demographics and clinical data were collected.@*RESULTS@#A total of 44 patients were small bowel Crohn's disease. Among them, 40 patients were male. The age at diagnosis was (35.8±10.3) years old and disease duration was (35.2±59.5) months. The subtypes included 29(65.9%) of ileum, 7(15.9%) of jejunum, 8(18.2%) of ileum with jejunum. There were 27(61.4%) of stricture behavior, 4(9.1%) of penetrating behavior, and 13(29.5%) of non-stricture and non-penetrating behavior. Endoscopic visible stricture (29/85, 34.1%) was common, followed by longitudinal ulcers (27/85, 31.8%). Non-caseate granulomatous were found in 2 cases (4.5%). The score of Crohn's disease activity index was correlated to hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (all @*CONCLUSIONS@#Patients with ileum account for a large proportion in patients with small bowel Crohn's disease. Stricture is more common in small bowel Crohn's disease. Stricture and longitudinal ulcer are more common under enteroscopy. Crohn's disease activity index is correlated to hemoglobin, red blood cell specific volume, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The most common complication is intestinal obstruction. Mesalazine is less effective on small bowel Crohn's disease.

Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in cystic fibrosis / Síndrome da obstruc¸ão intestinal distal: um desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico na fibrose cística

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the demographics, genotype, and clinical presentation of pediatric patients presenting with distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), and factors associated with DIOS recurrence. Methods: Case series of ten patients (median age 13.2 years), followed-up in a reference center, retrospectively assessed. Data analyzed included age, gender, cystic fibrosis genotype, meconium ileus at birth, hydration status, pulmonary exacerbation, Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization, pancreatic insufficiency (PI), body mass index (BMI) at the episodes, clinical manifestations of DIOS, imaging studies performed, acute management of DIOS, maintenance therapy, and recurrence on follow-up. Results: All patients had two positive sweat chloride tests, and nine of ten also had genotype study. The most common genotype identified was homozygosis for the delta F508 mutation. In seven cases, a previous history of meconium ileus was reported. All patients had pancreatic insufficiency. Diagnosis of DIOS was based on clinical and imaging findings. Of the total number of episodes, 85% were successfully managed with oral osmotic laxatives and/or rectal therapy (glycerin enema or saline irrigation). Recurrence was observed in five of ten patients. Conclusion In this first report of pediatric DIOS in South America, the presence of two risk factors for DIOS occurrence was universal: pancreatic insufficiency and severe genotype. Medical history of meconium ileus at birth was present in most patients, as well as in the subgroup with DIOS recurrence. The diagnosis relied mainly on the clinical presentation and on abdominal imaging. The practices in the management of episodes varied, likely reflecting changes in the management of this syndrome throughout time.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar os dados demográficos, o genótipo e o quadro clínico de pacientes pediátricos que apresentam síndrome da obstrução intestinal distal (DIOS) e os fatores associados à recidiva da DIOS. Métodos: Casuística de 10 pacientes (média de 13,2 anos) monitorados em um centro de referência e avaliados de forma retroativa. Os dados analisados incluíram idade, sexo, genótipo da fibrose cística, íleo meconial no nascimento, estado de hidratação, exacerbação pulmonar, colonização por Pseudomonas aeruginosa, insuficiência pancreática (IP), IMC nos episódios, manifestações clínicas da DIOS, estudos de diagnóstico por imagem realizados, manejo agudo da DIOS, terapia de manutenção e recidiva no acompanhamento. Resultados: Todos os pacientes apresentaram dois exames de cloreto no suor positivos e 09/10 também apresentaram estudo do genótipo. O genótipo mais comum identificado foi a homozigose da mutação delta F508. Em sete casos foi mencionado um histórico de íleo meconial. Todos os pacientes apresentaram insuficiência pancreática. O diagnóstico da DIOS teve como base achados clínicos e de imagem; 85% do número total de episódios foram tratados com sucesso com laxantes osmóticos orais e/ou terapia retal (enema de glicerina ou irrigação salina). A recidiva foi observada em 5 de 10 pacientes. Conclusão: Neste primeiro relatório da DIOS pediátrica na América do Sul, a presença de dois fatores de risco na ocorrência da DIOS foi universal: insuficiência pancreática e genótipo associado a doença grave. O histórico de íleo meconial no nascimento esteve presente na maioria dos pacientes, bem como no subgrupo com recidiva da DIOS. O diagnóstico dependeu principalmente do quadro clínico e do diagnóstico por imagem abdominal. As práticas de manejo de episódios variaram, provavelmente refletiram as mudanças no tratamento dessa síndrome ao longo do tempo.

Síndrome de hiperviscosidade em paciente com mieloma múltiplo / Hyperviscosity syndrome in multiple myeloma patients

O mieloma múltiplo é uma neoplasia progressiva e incurável de células B, caracterizado pela proliferação desregulada e clonal de plasmócitos na medula óssea. A síndrome de hiperviscosidade é uma das complicações relacionadas às gamopatias monoclonais, sendo considerada emergência oncológica. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o quadro clínico de um paciente diagnosticado com mieloma múltiplo que apresentou síndrome de hiperviscosidade, avaliando a prevalência de sinais e sintomas, bem como características fisiopatológicas dessa entidade clínica. Foi revisado o prontuário de um paciente internado na enfermaria da Clínica Médica do Hospital Regional do Cariri (CE) no período de junho a julho de 2018. Além disso, foi realizada revisão de literatura em base de dados (PubMed®) direcionada ao tema proposto. O diagnóstico de mieloma múltiplo foi comprovado por mielograma, sendo prontamente iniciada a corticoterapia e avaliada a resposta clínica após essa terapêutica. Apesar de incomum e menos frequentemente relacionada ao mieloma múltiplo, a síndrome de hiperviscosidade está relacionada a uma grande taxa de mortalidade quando apresenta diagnóstico tardio. A terapia de primeira linha indicada para a síndrome de hiperviscosidade foi a plasmaferese, no entanto, as condições clínicas (instabilidade hemodinâmica) impossibilitaram sua realização. O desfecho deste caso foi o óbito do paciente. Concluiu-se que o diagnóstico precoce e a intervenção terapêutica estão diretamente relacionados à ocorrência de menor incidência de complicações relacionadas ao mieloma múltiplo e à síndrome de hiperviscosidade.

Multiple myeloma is a progressive and incurable B-cell neoplasm characterized by unregulated and clonal proliferation of plasmocytes in the bone marrow. Hyperviscosity syndrome is one of the complications related to monoclonal gammopathies and is considered an oncological emergency. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical condition of a patient diagnosed with multiple myeloma who presented hyperviscosity syndrome, evaluating the prevalence of symptoms and signs, as well as the pathophysiological characteristics of this clinical entity. The medical records of a patient admitted to the Internal Medicine ward of the Hospital Regional do Cariri (CE) from June to July of 2018 were reviewed. In addition, we conducted a literature review in a database (PubMed®) directed to the theme proposed. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma was confirmed by myelogram, and corticosteroid therapy was promptly initiated and the clinical response was evaluated after this therapy. Although uncommon and less frequently related to multiple myeoloma, hyperviscosity syndrome is related to a high mortality rate when diagnosed late. The first line therapy indicated to hyperviscosity syndrome was plasmapheresis; however, the clinical conditions (hemodynamic instability) precluded its performance. The outcome of this case was the patient's death. Thus, it was concluded that early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention are directly related to the occurrence of lower incidence of complications related to multiple myeloma and hyperviscosity syndrome.

Abdomen agudo quirúrgico en el paciente geriátrico / Surgical Acute Abdomen in the Geriatric Patient

RESUMEN Introducción: El abdomen agudo es causa frecuente de ingreso hospitalario en pacientes geriátricos. Objetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento del abdomen agudo quirúrgico en el paciente geriátrico en un servicio de cirugía general. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal de corte transversal en 169 pacientes. Los datos procedieron de las historias clínicas del Hospital Universitario "Manuel Ascunce Domenech" de Camagüey, desde enero de 2014 a diciembre de 2016 y se procesaron mediante estadística descriptiva, relacionándose algunas variables de manera no inferencial. Resultados: El 52,2 por ciento de los pacientes eran hombres. El 42,6 por ciento tenía edades entre 60 y 69 años. El 28,9 por ciento presentaron la oclusión intestinal como etiología. Hubo un 39,5 por ciento de complicaciones, el 54,5 por ciento de ellas fueron infecciosas. La mortalidad fue de un 22,5 por ciento. El 26,6 por ciento de los fallecidos presentaba oclusión intestinal. Conclusiones: Casi una décima parte de los pacientes fallecieron, la peritonitis fibropurulenta y el choque séptico fueron las causas más frecuentes de los decesos. La oclusión intestinal como causa de abdomen agudo pareció influir en la mortalidad de la muestra estudiada(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute abdomen is a frequent cause of hospital admission in geriatric patients. Objective: To characterize the occurrence of acute surgical abdomen in the geriatric patient in a general surgery service. Methods: An observational, descriptive, longitudinal and cross-sectional study was carried out with 169 patients. The data were obtained from the medical records of Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital in Camagüey, from January 2014 to December 2016, and were processed using descriptive statistics, relating some variables in a noninferential way. Results: 52.2 percent of the patients were men. 42.6 percent were aged between 60 and 69 years. 28.9 percent presented intestinal occlusion as an etiology. There were 39.5 percent of complications, 54.5 percent of which were infectious. Mortality was 22.5 percent. 26.6 percent of the deceased had intestinal obstruction. Conclusions: Almost one tenth of the patients died, with fibrinopurulent peritonitis and septic shock being the most frequent causes of death. Intestinal occlusion as a cause of acute abdomen appeared to influence mortality in the sample studied(AU)

Endometriosis ileal. Causa infrecuente de obstrucción intestinal en mujeres en edad fértil / Ileal endometriosis. An uncommon cause of bowel obstruction in women in fertile age

Resumen La endometriosis se define como la presencia de tejido endometrial fuera de la cavidad uterina. Ocurre en aproximadamente 5 a 10% de las mujeres en edad fértil. Cuando afecta al intestino tiende a confundirse clínicamente con una gran variedad de afecciones por lo cual en algunas oportunidades se le ha llamado también "la gran simuladora". La revisión de la literatura muestra que la localización intestinal es poco frecuente y que la obstrucción secundaria a esta causa es aún más inusual, siendo el diagnóstico preoperatorio un desafío para los cirujanos. Con el propósito de resaltar características clínicas y de estudio por imágenes que ayuden a la sospecha preoperatoria de esta entidad tan infrecuente en la práctica habitual, se presentan dos casos de mujeres operadas de urgencia, sin diagnóstico previo de endometriosis y con oclusión intestinal como primera manifestación de la enfermedad. El tratamiento consiste en la resección intestinal del sector afectado y anastomosis primaria. El diagnóstico se basa en un alto índice de sospecha y debería ser considerado en mujeres en edad fértil, sin antecedentes patológicos y con historia de menstruaciones dolorosas.

Abstract Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. It affects ~5-10% of women in their reproductive years. When it affects the intestine, it tends to be confused clinically with a wide variety of affections, which is why it has sometimes been called "the great simulator". A review of the literature shows that intestinal localization is rare and that obstruction secondary to this cause is even more unusual, with preoperative diagnosis being a challenge for surgeons. With the purpose of highlighting clinical and diagnostic imaging characteristics that help the preoperative suspicion of this entity, so rare in routine practice, we present two cases of women who underwent emergency surgery, without a previous diagnosis of endometriosis and with intestinal occlusion as the first manifestation of the disease. Treatment of intestinal occlusion by endometriosis consists of intestinal resection of the affected sector and primary anastomosis. Diagnosis of intestinal occlusion secondary to ileal endometriosis is based on a high index of suspicion and should be considered in women of childbearing age, without a history of disease and with a history of painful menstruation.

Hernia paracecal / Paracecal hernia

RESUMEN Las hernias internas son una causa poco frecuente de obstrucción del intestino delgado (representan menos del 5 %). La hernia pericecal ocupa alrededor de la décima parte de las hernias internas; mientras que, la hernia paracecal constituye una de sus cuatro variantes, las que a su vez, pueden ser congénitas o adquiridas. Se presentó un paciente masculino de 98 años de edad, operado por obstrucción intestinal debido a hernia paracecal, que requirió resección de intestino y anastomosis, con evolución favorable. En la búsqueda realizada en Cochrane no se encontró ningún otro caso publicado por autores cubanos. Se revisó la literatura al respecto y se insistió en la necesidad de tener presente dicho diagnóstico en el actuar diario del cirujano, ya que se comporta con una alta mortalidad sino se sospecha, debido a que cursa generalmente con compromiso vascular.

ABSTRACT Internal hernias are an uncommon cause of small bowel obstruction (they represent less than 5%). The pericaecal hernia occupies about a tenth of the internal hernias while the paracaecal hernia is one of its four variants, which in turn can be congenital or acquired. We present a 98-year-old male patient operated on bowel obstruction due to paracaecal hernia, which required bowel resection and anastomosis, with favourable evolution. No other case published by Cuban authors was found when searching in Cochrane Library. Literature on this subject was also reviewed, insisting on the need for surgeons to bear this diagnosis in mind in their daily work, since it is manifested with a high mortality if it is not suspected, because it generally involves vascular compromise.

Evaluación de pacientes adultos mayores con diagnóstico de abdomen agudo quirúrgico. Estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, no experimental / Evaluation of elderly patients with a diagnosis of acute surgical abdomen. Prospective, descriptive, non-experimental study

Se ha observado que la población mayor de 65 años requiere con mayor frecuencia procedimientos quirúrgicos y en ellos las presentaciones clínicas de las entidades responsables de un abdomen agudo son atípicas. En situaciones de emergencia, el diagnóstico resulta más difícil que en el adulto debido a diversos factores. Objetivo: Evaluar características clínicas, edad y sexo de pacientes adultos mayores con diagnóstico de abdomen agudo quirúrgico en el Hospital Universitario "Dr. Manuel Núñez Tovar" de Maturín, estado Monagas, período enero-septiembre 2019. Método: Se realizó un tipo de investigación no experimental, prospectiva, descriptiva, transversal, de campo, donde se estudiaron a todos los pacientes mayores de 60 años con diagnóstico de abdomen agudo quirúrgico según criterios clínicos, en el servicio de Cirugía General, con una muestra de 53 pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: Se evaluaron 790 pacientes adultos, con diagnóstico de abdomen agudo quirúrgico en el período señalado, de los cuales 53 pacientes correspondían a adultos mayores, 30 pacientes (56.60%) de sexo femenino con una edad promedio general de 71.33 años. La principal causa de abdomen agudo quirúrgico en adultos mayores fue la obstrucción intestinal con 26 pacientes (49.06%). La principal comorbilidad fue la hipertensión arterial (41.50%). Un 16.98% de los pacientes se complicaron con sepsis (complicación más frecuente) con mortalidad de 15.09% y más de la mitad (54.71%) ameritaron más de 4 días de hospitalización incluyendo a los complicados (90%)(AU)

It has been observed that the population over 65 years of age requires more and more surgical procedures and in them the clinical presentations of the entities responsible for an acute abdomen are atypical. In emergency situations, diagnosis is more difficult than in adults due to various factors. Objectives: Evaluate clinical characteristics, age and sex of older adult patients with diagnosis of acute surgical abdomen at the "Dr. Manuel Núñez Tovar" Hospital from Maturín, Monagas state, January-September 2019 period. Method: A non-experimental type, prospective descriptive, cross-sectional, field research was carried out, where all patients older than 60 years with a diagnosis of acute surgical abdomen according to clinical criteria, in the General Surgery service, with a sample of 53 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Results: 790 adult patients were evaluated, with a diagnosis of acute surgical abdomen in the indicated period, of which 53 patients corresponded to older adults, 30 female patients (56.60%) with a general average age of 71.33 years. The main cause of acute surgical abdomen in older adults was intestinal obstruction with 26 patients (49.06%). The main comorbidity was arterial hypertension (41.50%). 16.98% of the patients were complicated by sepsis (the most frequent complication) with mortality of 15.09% and more than half (54.71%)(AU)

Long-term survival analysis after endoscopic stenting as a bridge to surgery for malignant colorectal obstruction: comparison with emergency diverting colostomy

The use of colorectal self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) as bridge therapy for malignant colorectal obstruction was first reported more than 20 years ago. However, its use remains controversial. Objective: In this study, we aimed to compare the long-term survival of patients with potentially resectable malignant colorectal obstruction who had undergone colorectal SEMS placement and emergency surgery. Methods: This study was a retrospective analyses. Patients who received treatment between 2009 and 2017 were included. According to the eligibility criteria, 21 patients were included in the SEMS group and 67 patients were included in the surgical group.. Results: The majority of the patients in the SEMS group were female (57.1%), whereas the majority of those in the surgical group were male (53.7%). The median follow-up time was 60 months for both groups with the same interquartile range of 60 months. There was no difference in the overall survival rate (log rank p=0.873) and disease-free survival rate (log rank p=0.2821) in the five-year analysis. There was no difference in local recurrence rates (38.1% vs. 22.4%, p=0.14) or distant recurrence rates (33.3% vs. 50.7%, p=0.16) in the SEMS and the surgical groups. Technical and clinical success rates of endoscopic stenting were 95.3% and 85.7%, respectively. There were no immediate adverse events (AEs). Severe AEs included perforation (14.3%), silent perforation (4.7%), reobstruction (14.3%), and bleeding (14.3%). Mild AEs included pain (42.8%), tenesmus (9.5%), and incontinence (4.76%). The limitations of this study was retrospective and was conducted at a single center. Conclusions: No differences in disease-free and overall survival rates were observed in the five-year analysis of patients with resectable colorectal cancer who had undergone SEMS placement or colostomy for the treatment of malignant colorectal obstruction. Patients in the SEMS group had a higher rate of primary anastomosis and a lower rate of temporary colostomy than did those in the surgery group.